Environment Quality Of Life American Cities â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Environment Quality Of Life American Cities? Answer: Introduction The report gives an overview of the comparison and contrast of how water sustainability and energy sustainability has been addressed in Australia compared to Japan. The comparison and contrast is however done following various steps. In the first step there is a description of the government regulation in Australia regarding water and energy sustainability. This step also describes about the key scientific research and technological innovation of the country. There is also discussion about the actions and taken by the nongovernmental organizations and private sector in ensuring water and energy sustainability. The first step also describes exemplar projects undertaken in Australia related to energy and water sustainability. The second step of the report gives a similar overview of government regulation, scientific research and technological innovation and actions of private sector and nongovernmental organization s related to energy and water sustainability in United Arab Emirates (U AE). There is also a third step in the report that compares and contrasts the actions undertaken by each country on energy and water sustainability where focus is mainly on the reasons for difference in dealing with the issue, the approach that is more successful and ways where one country can learn from the other. Government Regulation on Energy Sustainability Sustainability of energy is necessary for the survival and development of human beings. Industrialization is also dependent on energy. There has also been an increasing trend in the global energy consumption due to population growth that leads to an increase in per capita energy consumption (Hussey and Pittock 2012). Sustainability of energy is required as there is no security of price stability of petroleum. There need for sustenance is also due to energy depletion and climatic influence. Energy however exists in renewable and non renewable form. The non renewable forms include solar energy, biomass energy, ocean energy, wind energy, hydropower energy, and geothermal energy. Sustainability of energy is required as there is a limitation in energy derived from each of the source. Thus the government imposed certain regulation on energy sustainability which is as follows: The government imposed a Renewable Energy Target (RET) scheme where reforms were undertaken based on renewable energy target that followed not only extensive consultations but also careful considerations. The scheme also mentioned a new target for energy generation on a large scale by the year 2020 will almost double renewable energy production on a large scale in comparison to present levels. There is also a mention in the scheme that by 2020 the Australia electricity generation will mostly be from the renewable sources. Establishment of Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) in the year 2012 in order to increase the affordability of renewable energy solutions so that there is an increased supply of renewable energy in Australia. Until 2022, ARENAs investment amounts to $ 2.5 billion in projects that will not only fasten the commercialization of renewable sources but at the same time will lead to a diversification in Australias energy sources. ARENA lends their full support to any activities related to renewable energy through its process of funding so that new technologies can be developed and there is an increase in investor confidence. There has been initiative taken to increase the solar power production by building more plants. The government also initiated regulation on wind energy with an outcome where in 2015 wind firms were responsible for producing 33.7 percent clean supply of energy and at the same time accounted for 4.9 percent electricity in Australias overall electricity. Thus, the government made five wind firms operational by the year 2015. This increased the capacity of the wind industry of Australia to 4187W. There were also under construction wind firms that further add 365 MW once completed. The Council of Australian Government(COAG) in the year 2008 agreed for the development of a national strategy on energy efficiency for accelerating efforts for energy efficient, streamlining responsibilities and roles across all government levels and also help businesses and household to transit to low future carbon emission. The government of Australia also mandated that appliances should have mandatory Energy Rating Level (ERL). The appliances that must include ERL are air conditioner, cloth dryers, clothes washers, computer monitors, television, freezers, refrigerators and dishwashers. Energy efficiency remains a challengein the United Arab Emirates (UAE) because of high consumption rates, economic growth and growth in population (Asif 2016). However, to address these problems the government has initiated certain regulatory measures for energy sustainability that are follows: The domestic electricity consumption of UAE is expected to have a rapid growth therefore the Government have ensured development and implementation of an energy efficiency strategies along with building a regulatory framework that will address the market challenges and demand. The government has also taken initiatives for marketing campaigns that will improve the consumption habits for energy and also promote research and development initiatives. The government also initiates comprehensive approach like use of smarter urban electrical grids for energy substance in the long run, These grids not only enables one to monitor usage over time but at the same time leads to effective ways for energy consumptions. The government also ensures sustainable and green construction where the key design constraint is involves enhanced energy efficiency. Key Scientific Research and Technological Innovation on Energy Sustainability The research and innovation for energy sustainability in Australia involves (Faunce et. al 2013): Development of Electricity Grids: Enhancing energy efficiency by development of intelligent models that can not only change the way of energy transmission at home but also in industry and buildings. Development of Energy Storage: The technologies adopted for energy storage is a cutting age one and make use of ceramic, heat and batteries. Development of sustainable and efficient fossil fuel technologies. This allows safe access and hence extraction of rich resources of Australia that includes coal, gas and oil. Use of Hydraulic Fracturing: This is a method used mainly used by oil and gas industry for increasing the total quantity of extracted gas and oil from reservoirs. Making use of Solar Energy: This ensures making a stable source of power for the future through next generation solar power cells and solar thermal systems. The research and innovation for energy sustainability in UAE involves (Vidican et. al 2012): Construction of Green Buildings: The construction of such buildings encourages efficiency in energy consumption. Encouraging Environmental Tourism: This involves tourism activities that are eco friendly and leads to promotion and preservation of cultural heritage and also preserves innate natural environment By Ensuring Clean Energy: This involves undertaking initiatives that leads to promotion of sustainable energy. Ensuring Issue of Energy Awards: The Emirates Energy Award launched by the Dubai Supreme Council of Energy helps in fostering conservation of energy and increasing awareness. Launching of Zero Energy Parks: Thus in order to reduce the consumption of energy by 30 % by 2020, UAE has taken initiative of operation of eco-friendly parks that operates independently by making use of solar panels. Actions of Non-Government Organisations and Private Sector on Energy Sustainability The actions taken by various non-governmental organizations on sustainability of energy are as follows: 100% Renewable Energy/Solar Citizens is a new project that is launched for protection of the rights of Australians with solar power so as to reduce bill and creation of a clean power. Beyond Zero Emission Inc is a non profit education and research organization for the implementing and designing an economy in Australia based on zero emission. Citizen Own Renewable Energy Network Australia (CORENA) ( Portney 2013): They are involved in the creation of movement powered by people for fast tracking Australias renewable energy revolution of Australia. Moreland Energy Foundation: This is a non profit organization that undertakes research, consultation and community engagement for advocating energy efficiency techniques, renewable energy and related policies and planning issues. The actions taken by the private sector on sustainability of energy are as follows: The private sector realizes the need for energy productivity through use of renewable energy that leads to creating cost effective pathways. The private sector is also stressing on the reduction of emissions of carbon. The private sector is also incorporating means for affordable and clean energy so that more people have access to energy means that are effective. The actions taken by various non-governmental organizations on sustainability of energy are as follows: The nongovernmental organizations play a very important role in sustenance of energy at an international level (Al-Amir and Abu-Hijleh 2013). These organizations undertake campaigns that act as key drivers in regulating energy consumption and replacing it with renewable energy. Through aided advances in communication and information technology, these non profit organizations also help to focus attention on the various environmental and social externalities and also identify various renewable sources of energy that are cost effective and beneficial. The actions taken by the private sector on sustainability of energy are as follows: The private sector plays a vital role in realizing that sustainability of energy helps in achieving goals of sustainable development. This step not only helps in improving the business environment but at the same time helps in market building. The private sector also adopts means for corporate sustainability and innovation through substance of energy. This is adopted by defining priorities, setting goals, integration of sustainability into core governance and core business and communication and reporting. The exemplar projects on energy sustainability are as follows: The architects of the Australian Institute decided on rebuilding one of Australias blue-chip pieces of real estate (Pierce and Paulos 2012). This was done for conceiving and constructing a building which embody sustainable architecture in a multi-storey modern commercial office building. This was known as the 41 Exemplar or 41X. The and far reaching initiatives of the project is the attainment of a sustainability charter for all building tenants. This case study however, describes how project team put forwards Institutes vision for rebuilding 41X. There is also a measure of quantity of carbon generated through buildings embodied material emissions, transport, waste and operational energy. The case study also enables us to look at how total carbon metric (TCM) tool helps in influencing the design of the building and at the same time also helps in exploring the role the TCM on the buildings Sustainability Charter. The exemplar projects on energy sustainability are as follows: Xeritown represents a 59 hectare mixed use development project which is to be built in Dubai, UAE. The projects fall under the eco tourism category and include sports venues, science attractions, retail hotels, resorts and theme parks (Sbia, Shahbaz and Hamdi 2014). However, in spite of the extravagant commercial context, Xeritown master plan includes has integrated approach towards sustainable development. In addition to this Xeritowns master plan also ensures equal emphasis on conservation of energy through passive design. Government Regulation on Water Sustainability There is a scarcity of water in Australia due to insufficient supply in most urban areas and degraded river systems. There is also greater loss of water through transmission and evaporation (Hussey and Pittock 2012). Scarcity is also due to future climatic changes and variability in rainfall. To prevent this government has undertaken certain regulation for conservation of water which is follows: The government initiated residential water efficiency programs that involved subsidies for washing machines, toilets and showerheads that were energy efficient. Rebates were also provided for rainwater tanks along with necessary advice provided on watering of garden. The government also undertook business, council and school water efficient programs where businesses, schools and councils were provided advice to undertake and identify ways that helped them use water in an efficient manner. The government also undertook leak management program that reduced the annual leakage of water from water supply of Sydney to about 24 gallons per year. There were also water recycling programs undertaken by the government of Australia that helped in recycling of water from time to time. The first regulation for water sustainability in UAE's for keeping a tab on water misuse is still under review and will get passed in a matter of 12 months. There was even no revelation about the draft of the regulation (Wada and Bierkens 2014). The researchers are however, insistent upon the fact that increased monitoring is required in the environmental impacts of the UAEs main water source. The companies that organized their own distribution and production of water will also fall under the regulation that will be passed. This has to be noted that misuse of water is a major issue in UAE due to scarcity. Thus, there is no surplus water existent but however the country has achieved ways in securing it providing the required supply. Key Scientific Research and Technological Innovation on Water Sustainability The scientific Research and Technological Innovation are as follows(Sivapalan et .al 2014): Through agricultural water savings: This can be done through an appropriate selection of species of crops, adopting efficient irrigation technologies, proper scheduling of irrigation, harvesting of rain water and reusing water. Improving household efficiency: This can be done through use of water efficient showerheads, front loading washing machines, replacing 11 L single flush toiled with 6/3 L dual flush toilet. Connecting rain water tanks to toilets, washing machines and dishwashers Ensure commercial water savings by adopting options for water saving and at the same time identifying water leaks. The scientific Research and Technological Innovation are as follows: UAE has undertaken a programme known as the science of rain enhancement. The program was launched by Ministry of Presidential Affairs with an aim for dealing and fighting against water scarcity through the use of technology that stimulates rainfall. With a budget availability of $5 million (Dh18.36m), the programme has attracted the interest from researchers all over the world (Jamil, Ahmad and Jeon, 2016). Actions of Non-government Organisations and Private Sector for Water Sustainability The actions undertaken by nongovernmental organisations for Water Sustainability: The nongovernmental organizations undertakes ground water drilling activities for sustainability of water The local also ensures in building had dug well and hand pumps for maintain water sustenance. They also undertake protection of spring resources and harvesting of rain water. The actions undertaken by private sector for water sustainability: The private sector in order to meet the scarcity of water is undertaking actions in modernizing and expanding their sanitation and water infrastructure and thereby helping in improving the efficiency of water systems. Thus an effective regulatory framework is essential to make the most of private sector. The actions undertaken by nongovernmental organisations for Water Sustainability: The nongovernmental organization in UAE aims at providing awareness about water conservation, offers various programs that deals with water conservation, utility reforms and introduces non conventional resources of water. The actions undertaken by private sector for water sustainability The private sector undertakes steps in promotion of water conservation and water is a scarcity The private sector also introduces new tariff based on a water meter. Provides mass awareness on measures of water conservation. Puts forward new methods for irrigation like subsurface drip irrigation Undertakes actions for sufficient safe supply of drinking water. Exemplar Projects on Water Sustainability The exemplar project on Water Sustainability is as follows: WGV by Land Corp is 2.1 hector infill developments in Fremantle suburb of White Gum Valley. This is an Innovation through Demonstration project that showcases design excellence on various levels through incorporation of a range of diverse building types, sensitive climate considerations and ensuring water management strategies. The exemplar project on Water Sustainability is as follows: The Royal Commission of Water, Jordan is a project implemented by Ministry of Water and Irrigation (MWI) with the aim of reducing Jordans increasing levels of unsustainable extraction of groundwater, development of an effective water resource management system for wise water usage, cooperating with agencies on sustainable water management projects and plans. Comparison Energy and Water are important for sustainable development. Therefore, conservation or sustainability of energy and water is an important factor. That is why each of the countries has undertaken necessary actions for energy and water sustainability in the best possible manner. However, in Australia due to scarcity of water government has undertaken regulation for water conservation while in UAE the laws for water sustainailibity are still under way. UAE is also a water scarce country so it can take reference from the regulations in Australia and make necessary changes or additions if required. Conclusion The report ends in the light by comparing and contrasting water sustainability and energy sustainability in Australia and UAE. The report gives an overview of government regulation, scientific research and technological innovation and actions of private sector and nongovernmental organization related to energy and water sustainability in United Arab Emirates (UAE). Keeping the same factors constant a similar overview is drawn for Australia. References: Al-Amir, J. and Abu-Hijleh, B., 2013. Strategies and policies from promoting the use of renewable energy resource in the UAE.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,26, pp.660-667. Asif, M., 2016. Growth and sustainability trends in the buildings sector in the GCC region with particular reference to the KSA and UAE.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,55, pp.1267-1273. Faunce, T., Styring, S., Wasielewski, M.R., Brudvig, G.W., Rutherford, A.W., Messinger, J., Lee, A.F., Hill, C.L., Fontecave, M., MacFarlane, D.R. and Hankamer, B., 2013. Artificial photosynthesis as a frontier technology for energy sustainability.Energy Environmental Science,6(4), pp.1074-1076. Hussey, K. and Pittock, J., 2012. The energywater nexus: Managing the links between energy and water for a sustainable future.Ecology and Society,17(1). Hussey, K. and Pittock, J., 2012. The energywater nexus: Managing the links between energy and water for a sustainable future.Ecology and Society,17(1). Jamil, M., Ahmad, F. and Jeon, Y.J., 2016. Renewable energy technologies adopted by the UAE: Prospects and challengesA comprehensive overview.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,55, pp.1181-1194. Pierce, J. and Paulos, E., 2012, May. Beyond energy monitors: interaction, energy, and emerging energy systems. InProceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(pp. 665-674). ACM. Portney, K.E., 2013.Taking sustainable cities seriously: Economic development, the environment, and quality of life in American cities. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Sbia, R., Shahbaz, M. and Hamdi, H., 2014. A contribution of foreign direct investment, clean energy, trade openness, carbon emissions and economic growth to energy demand in UAE.Economic Modelling,36, pp.191-197. Sivapalan, M., Konar, M., Srinivasan, V., Chhatre, A., Wutich, A., Scott, C.A., Wescoat, J.L. and Rodrguez?Iturbe, I., 2014. Socio?hydrology: Use?inspired water sustainability science for the Anthropocene.Earth's Future,2(4), pp.225-230. Vidican, G., McElvaney, L., Samulewicz, D. and Al-Saleh, Y., 2012. An empirical examination of the development of a solar innovation system in the United Arab Emirates.Energy for Sustainable Development,16(2), pp.179-188. Wada, Y. and Bierkens, M.F., 2014. Sustainability of global water use: past reconstruction and future projections.Environmental Research Letters,9(10), p.104003.

The New Angle On Argumentative American History Essay Topics Just Released

The New Angle On Argumentative American History Essay Topics Just Released To compose a History essay out of imagination isn't possible. Otherwise, there are many style guides you may select from. So should you must employ college essay writer online, we're just the people who you'll need to contact. You can rely on the very best essay help online. The History of Argumentative American History Essay Topics Refuted The Federal Reserve played a huge part in the Great Depression. The history books will supply you with wealth of information, but you have to estimate what's related to you and comes within the perimeters of the subject of your History essay. Just because there is a good deal of fake news available on the net, also be skeptical of fake history (e.g. fake Jefferson quotes). Therefore, you can explore the Great Depression and the way that it predisposed the additional evolution of American history in conditions of economic, social and labor factors. The Basic Fact s of Argumentative American History Essay Topics The third and fourth paragraph should give the seriousness of the issue and the repercussions if the issue isn't solved. The subject for discussion needs to be manageable, i.e. you ought to be in a position to talk about this issue in the most detailed way based on the amount of pages you need to write. You ought to consider the subject, and write down the situations you know about this issue and the things you don't know. When you are requested to pick a great topic for your argument, start with something you're familiarized with. Other folks relocate since they are searching for experience or simply require a better place to reside and resign. If you select the wrong subject, you might get stuck with your writing and have a tough time moving forward. Write a list of ideas you've got or a list of things you're interested in. The actual individuals highly praise our essay help site. Bear in mind, if you're writing an argume nt about whether they really existed, you are going to want to present evidence to back up your argument but will also will need to deal with the counterargument. To successfully introduce the thought that history is a set of arguments supported by evidence, students have to be able to recognize and locate evidence by themselves. Essentially, it connects your evidence to your primary argument. You have to discover good evidence to strengthen your ideas along with examples to illustrate the evidence. Our argumentative essay topic ideas are intended to save your time when you have to choose what things to write about. The topic ought to be quite controversial once you are writing an argumentative write up. Argumentative research papers are the particular kinds of essays, and it is exceedingly important to determine the topic. Nearly all history essay topics are too big for a couple pages. If you want the subject of your history essay, you will delight in doing research for it. Take into consideration the subject of the history essay you've already written before. If you would like to compose a superior history essay you'd better select a topic that is familiar to you. Things You Won't Like About Argumentative American History Essay Topics and Things You Will Perhaps you still must understand more about the way to compose a history paper. There are lots of assortments of topics based on the subject you would decide to compose a paper. They are often so large that they can be covered in the form of several books. Argumentative research paper topics are a great deal much easier to find than to produce. The Fight Against Argumentative American History Essay Topics The thesis statement indicates to the reader what argument you're making and what they are able to expect throughout the whole period o f your paper. A thesis produces a particular statement to the reader what you'll be attempting to argue. When you compose the argument, you just wish to receive your words down so you may revise them later. Finding the most suitable arguments can help you prove your point and win. Argumentative American History Essay Topics Secrets One of the greatest methods to change anybody's mind is with an emotional investment. You must be quite sure in regards to the concept that you would like to expand on. Your very first idea is nearly always very likely to be too large. Maybe you simply do not know the subject well enough, and that's the reason you can't locate the idea for your history essay. Your paper ought to be ordered in a logical fashion, and not jump around all around the place. There are different ideas which exist, however, for the advantages of having a social life online. There are a few things that you are going to have to understand prior to that though. The crea tion procedure may be overwhelming, and should the topic isn't interesting enough, students may have a tough time finishing on time. The Ultimate Argumentative American History Essay Topics Trick It will produce the history essay writing process faster and easier, and you won't need to devote a great deal of time doing research. It is an impossible task to write a fantastic history paper if you write about something you find boring and don't care about whatsoever. Your questions ought to be so framed, they do not hurt the sentiments of a person or a specific community. In the event you can't find your subject here, don't hesitate to have a talk with our staff and put an order for a customized history essay on your distinct subject.

A Look at the Skeptics and the Creationists

A Look at the Skeptics and the Creationists'Why Not Give 8 Evolution Council Rock Podcast Paper Answers?' is a hilarious look at the scientific positions of several people in the 'evolutionary trust' topic. And just for some extra fun, the foreword is by Bob Enyart, who appears to be the only person with any real knowledge on the subject matter.First up, we have Julia Silverstone, a professional skeptic who seems to have invented the phrase 'extinction balance.' She then tells us that the earth's biodiversity is likely to end due to human activities. It's great to see someone on a talk show openly pushing such a position, but it does seem a little too weird to me.Next, we have Sean Stuart, who seems to be totally ignoring the evidence for human predation in species extinction. And he does this despite the fact that he's interviewed a major, very well-known scientist who has been accused of that behavior (or at least 'lack of') before.Next, we have Ramon Bernstein, who thinks that Dar winian evolution is a joke and a lie. Again, quite bizarre to see a scientist on a talk show promoting a flat Earth view, and then to have the host of the show demand evidence. And yet, again, there is none.Next, we have Anthony, who seems to be a creationist when he believes in Noah's Flood. But is that actually what he believes? You'll never know.Then, we have Joe Rose, who seems to believe, 'Joseph didn't come back.' Again, he also believes that humans evolved from apes, and thinks that no one knows if the 'missing link' exists. All these are pretty bizarre claims.Then, we have Nicholas Sarah Bernstein, who says that we should be quite skeptical of William Lane Craig's presentation of his arguments. Again, he doesn't even like the guy that much. In fact, he argues that Craig is wrong and that scientists are simply using his arguments out of context.I guess it's no surprise that these people are debating each other's course of research and scientific understanding, as this is just par for the course when you're talking about these topics. But it sure is fun to watch.

How to Write a Good College Entrance Essay

How to Write a Good College Entrance EssayIf you are just starting college, you may not know how to write a good college entrance essay. In fact, I have a feeling that you probably have heard that it is a very important part of the college application process. So how can you ensure that you write a well-written college essay?One of the first things you will want to do is to avoid using any cheat sheet in order to get through your college entrance essay. When you look at the information you will be taking notes on, don't let yourself become engrossed by the information. This is going to be something that the admissions committee will be looking at and you want to avoid being as focused on the information.One other way to ensure that you are able to write a college entrance essay is to include the right formatting into your text. You need to look at the grammar in your paper. If the grammar is too much for you, try not to use the proper spelling. Also, make sure that the punctuation is correct so that it matches up with the rest of the essay.Another thing that you need to do in order to be able to write a good college entrance essay is to make sure that you are using the correct numbers. If you are writing an essay about animals, make sure that you keep the number of the animal you are talking about. A good way to avoid this is to add a comma between each word.Another tip to help you with writing a good college entrance essay is to remember to use words that describe the topic properly. You should also avoid using the vocabulary words like 'to', 'a', 'that', 'but', 'so', 'the', 'and', 'in', 'on', and so on. These words really don't belong in an essay and they only take up space and don't give you enough information.With all of these tips in mind, you can now begin to put them together to help you with writing a good college entrance essay. If you are concerned about having to do all of this by yourself, don't worry. There are many things you can do to make this p rocess much easier.One of the best ways to ensure that you are able to write a good college entrance essay is to read a lot of papers and essays and to compare what you are reading. You may find that some of the tips mentioned here will be useful in your college essay.

Tips for Writing a Friendship Essay Sample

Tips for Writing a Friendship Essay SampleHaving an assignment to write an essay has turned into a great thing with online schools offering their program, especially those which are free. A friendship essay sample is great for a short essay where you can have your own personal experiences, observations and opinions. By writing the essay, you will find that you will be able to express your real thoughts and ideas and no one else will be able to use it as a basis for comparison.It is better to be spontaneous. Sometimes, you cannot dictate how you want to write the essay, but by providing a topic in advance you are sure that the essay will be interesting and original. Writing an essay is different from writing a book or a newspaper article. You need to put in mind about how you can include details about yourself that will capture your point in a few lines. The information about you must be clear so that you will be able to have a clear idea about what you want to say.If you know that th ere are too many different ways of writing a friendship essay sample, the best thing that you can do is to prepare yourself before writing. These sample essays are best when they include one main idea or theme.For example, there are occasions when you are writing an essay about a romantic relationship. In this case, you will need to add in the facts that will show how you fell in love with someone and how your thoughts have changed in the course of the relationship. On the other hand, you will need to include in your essay that you are afraid of losing someone because of your way of thinking. But in order to make your content concise, do not let any details get missed.A good tip for you is to decide beforehand what subject you want to cover. Make sure that the article is composed according to your topic. Use good sentence structure, show some attention on how you want the reader to learn more about you and write in a logical manner.With this kind of essay, you will certainly end up writing a great piece of writing. Just remember that if you make your topic unique, then you will surely capture the readers' attention and be able to impress them.If you like writing an essay, then why not to create your own friendship essay sample. Whether you are writing an essay, or a report, you can find many tips and strategies that you can use in order to help you out in the process. These samples will help you out in the sense that they will help you develop your writing skills.

Tess Of D`Urbervilles Essays - Lost Films, Determinism

Tess Of D`Urbervilles If written today, Tess of the d'urbervilles by Thomas Hardy may have been called Just Call Me Job or Tess: Victim of Fate. Throughout this often bleak novel, the reader is forced by Tess's circumstance to sympathize with the heroine (for lack of a better term) as life deals her blow after horrifying blow. One of the reasons that the reader is able to do so may be the fatalistic approach Hardy has taken with the life of the main character. Hardy writes Tess as a victim of Fate. This allows the reader to not blame her for the things that happen around her. Much of the critical debate surrounding Tess centers around this very point: Is Tess a victim? Are the things that happen to Tess beyond her control or could she have fought her way out of her circumstances? Better yet, could Hardy have written her out of her troubles or did his fatalistic approach to the novel force him to ultimately sacrifice poor Tess? Further, Is Hardy's approach to the novel and its main character truly fatalistic? In this essay, I will explore these questions and the doctrine of Fatalism as it applies to Tess. Fatalism is defined in Websters Dictionary as "the doctrine that all things take place by inevitable necessity" (175). Fatalism is the idea that all actions are controlled by Fate, a primitive force that exists independent of human wills and outside of the controls of power of a supreme being such as God because God ultimately has no power; he is a creation of man who granted Him His power. Since He doesn't truly possess those powers, he is left without the ability to alter circumstances. In short, if one subscribes to this doctrine, you believe that Fate controls how things happen and God can do nothing to save you, even Tess. Overall, Tess seems to go through life experiencing one negative event after another. Fateful incidents, overheard conversations and undelivered letters work against her ability to control the path her life takes. Tess's future seems locked up from the beginning of the novel. As the story opens, we first meet her father and learn of Tess's ancestry: "Durbeyfield...are the lineal representative of the ancient and knightly family of the d'Urbervilles...that renowned knight who came from Normandy...if knighthood were hereditary, like a baronetcy...[John] would be Sir John" (4). Somehow the reader knows almost immediately that this knowledge isn't necessarily going to save the poor clan, especially once we learn of the Fate of Tess's ancestors: "Where do we d'Urbervilles live?" asks "Sir" John to the parson who responds, "You don't live anywhere. You are extinct" (5). If one believes in the concept of natural selection, they probably realize rather quickly that this isn't the best family from which to descend. Tess seems to sense her doomed state. This is evidenced in her identification with the d'Urberville clan. Examples of this are her ability to see or hear the d'Urberville Coach and her realization of her resemblance to the d'Urberville woman of the farmhouse at Wellbridge: "[Tess's] fine features were unquestionably traceable in these exaggerated forms" (277). These eerie events suggest that the fated d'Urberville blood undoubtedly flows through her veins. Another example of Tess's awareness of being ill fated is when she meets Alec. Tess laments about her fate: "Had she perceived this meeting's import she might have asked why she was doomed to be seen and converted that day by the wrong man, and not by some other man, the right and desired one in all respects (75). She may not have known what to call it, but she definitely applies the doctrine of Fatalism to herself which according to author Leonard Doob is a telltale sign of a person who feels fated: "When the principal is judging himself [in this case, herself] and believes that fate is affecting him, his perception is usually direct: he introspects, thinks, or meditates. But he may respond indirectly when someone else, an observer,, gives him information about himself...Fatalism by a principal, therefore, is a pessimistic inevitability doctrine applied by him about himself to himself" (7). If Tess didn't start life feeling as though Fate was working against her, there are plenty of incidents which could easily convince her: the death of the family horse because of her negligence, the letter of confession that slipped beneath the carpet and caused her to enter into marriage as a deception, the death of her father, and the return of Angel just too late. Incident after

Care Essays - The Lost World, Jurassic Park, Levine, Free Essays

Care Essays - The Lost World, Jurassic Park, Levine, Free Essays Care THE LOST WORLD by Michael Crichton This story takes place six years after the Jurassic Park disaster. The book starts out with Ian Malcom giving a speach on his theory of extinction at a place called the Santa Fe Institute. As he's talking, a tall man stands up. His name is Richard Levine. He's a paleontologist, and he is fairly wealthy. He interrupts Ian to tell him that he doesn't think dinosaurs are really extinct. He believes there's a lost world on an island somewhere off Costa Rica. "I'm quite serious. What if the dinosaurs did not become extinct? What if they still exist? Somewhere in an isolated spot on the planet?" (5) Ian tells him this is nonsense, and continues on explaining his theory. Outside of the Santa Fe Institute, Ian meets up with his long time friend, Sarah Harding, a well-known biologist who studies large predators in Africa. They discuss what Levine said, and they come to the mutual conclusion that Levine probably doesn't know what he's talking about. Meanwhile, Levine is secretly preparing equipment for a jungle expedition. He enlists the help of a man called Doc Thorne, who was a college engineering professor, but now designs souped-up vehicles for expeditions and searches. He also enlists Doc Thorne's best mechanic, Eddie Carr. Levine has Doc Thorne and Eddie rig a Ford Explorer and a motorcycle to run on batteries. He also has them build reinforced trailers to house biological labs. Lev...